Zivo NiX BLog

Fotos

http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/

Gilbert:
http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/gilbert1988.html

Isidore:
http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/isidore2002.html

Read more… »

Devices are referenced in 3 ways.

1. Physical - /devices

subject to change:
[ssybl1:/devices]# ls -ltr
total 20
drwxr-xr-x 3 root sys 512 Aug 22 13:16 pci@780
drwxr-xr-x 3 root sys 512 Aug 22 13:16 pci@7c0
drwxr-xr-x 2 root sys 512 Aug 22 13:16 iscsi
drwxr-xr-x 2 root sys 512 Aug 22 13:16 options
drwxr-xr-x 2 root sys 512 Aug 22 13:16 scsi_vhci
drwxr-xr-x 2 root sys 512 Aug 22 13:16 ebus@800
drwxr-xr-x 3 root sys 512 Aug 22 13:16 virtual-devices@100
drwxr-xr-x 2 root sys 3072 Aug 26 10:32 pseudo
crw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 189, 0 Aug 26 12:21 scsi_vhci:devctl
crw——- 1 root sys 2, 0 Aug 26 12:21 pseudo:devctl
crw——- 1 root sys 241, 509 Aug 26 12:21 pci@7c0:reg
crw——- 1 root sys 241, 508 Aug 26 12:21 pci@7c0:intr
crw——- 1 root sys 241, 511 Aug 26 12:21 pci@7c0:devctl
crw——- 1 root sys 241, 253 Aug 26 12:21 pci@780:reg
crw——- 1 root sys 241, 252 Aug 26 12:21 pci@780:intr
crw——- 1 root sys 241, 255 Aug 26 12:21 pci@780:devctl
crw——- 1 root sys 92, 0 Aug 26 12:21 iscsi:devctl
crw——- 1 root sys 126, 0 Aug 26 12:21 ebus@800:devctl


keyboard, mouse are - c - in crw——- 1
character devices

2. Logical - /dev - ( format, prtconf, sysdef, etc. )

[ssybl1:/dev]# ls -ltr /dev
total 464
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 6 Aug 22 12:22 stderr -> ./fd/2
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 6 Aug 22 12:22 stdin -> ./fd/0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 6 Aug 22 12:22 stdout -> ./fd/1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root other 30 Aug 22 12:23 allkmem -> ../devices/pseudo/mm@0:allkmem
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root other 27 Aug 22 12:23 arp -> ../devices/pseudo/arp@0:arp
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root other 31 Aug 22 12:23 conslog -> ../devices/pseudo/log@0:conslog
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root other 30 Aug 22 12:23 console -> ../devices/pseudo/cn@0:console
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root other 29 Aug 22 12:23 eri -> ../devices/pseudo/clone@0:eri
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root other 29 Aug 22 12:23 hme -> ../devices/pseudo/clone@0:hme


devfsadm, devfsadmd - administration command for /dev

3. /etc/path_to_list - contains current hardware instances

Note: devfsadm may be used to update hardware

Tools to enumerated connected hardware:

1. prtconf ( how much memory are in the system )

# prtconf
System Configuration: Sun Microsystems sun4v
Memory size: 3968 Megabytes
System Peripherals (Software Nodes):

SUNW,Sun-Blade-T6300
scsi_vhci, instance #0
packages (driver not attached)
SUNW,builtin-drivers (driver not attached)
deblocker (driver not attached)
disk-label (driver not attached)
terminal-emulator (driver not attached)
dropins (driver not attached)
SUNW,asr (driver not attached)
kbd-translator (driver not attached)
obp-tftp (driver not attached)
ufs-file-system (driver not attached)
chosen (driver not attached)
openprom (driver not attached)
client-services (driver not attached)
options, instance #0
aliases (driver not attached)
memory (driver not attached)
virtual-memory (driver not attached)
virtual-devices, instance #0
flashprom (driver not attached)
channel-devices, instance #0
virtual-channel, instance #0
virtual-channel-client, instance #1
virtual-channel, instance #2
console, instance #0
rtc (driver not attached)
fma, instance #0
sunvts, instance #1
sunmc, instance #2
explorer, instance #3
led, instance #4
flashupdate, instance #5
ncp, instance #0
cpu (driver not attached)
cpu (driver not attached)
cpu (driver not attached)
cpu (driver not attached)
cpu (driver not attached)
cpu (driver not attached)
cpu (driver not attached)
cpu (driver not attached)
cpu (driver not attached)
cpu (driver not attached)
cpu (driver not attached)
cpu (driver not attached)
cpu (driver not attached)
cpu (driver not attached)
cpu (driver not attached)
cpu (driver not attached)
cpu (driver not attached)
cpu (driver not attached)
cpu (driver not attached)
cpu (driver not attached)
cpu (driver not attached)
cpu (driver not attached)
cpu (driver not attached)
cpu (driver not attached)
pci, instance #0
pci, instance #0
pci, instance #1
network, instance #0
network, instance #1
pci, instance #2
pci, instance #3
pci, instance #4
SUNW,emlxs, instance #0
fp (driver not attached)
disk (driver not attached)
fp, instance #2
ssd, instance #0
SUNW,emlxs, instance #1
fp (driver not attached)
disk (driver not attached)
fp, instance #0
ssd, instance #1
ebus, instance #0
serial, instance #0
pci, instance #1
pci, instance #5
pci, instance #6
pci, instance #0
usb, instance #0
usb, instance #1
usb, instance #0
pci, instance #7
scsi, instance #0
tape (driver not attached)
disk (driver not attached)
sd, instance #1
pci, instance #8
pci, instance #9
os-io (driver not attached)
iscsi, instance #0
pseudo, instance #0


(driver not attached) system free

Tools to enumerate connected hardware:

1. prtconf - dumps memory and device configuration
2. sysdef - returns loadable modules, kernel parameters, hardware, etc.
3. dmesg - returns devices that were attached at last system boot

### Drivers ###

Drivers are installed via standard Solaris packages

i.e. pkgadd -d driver_package_name - to install driver

/kernel/drv - contains drivers that apply


[ssybl1:/kernel/drv]# ls -ltr
total 306
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 3526 Dec 15 2004 jfca.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 184 Jan 4 2005 fcip.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 184 Jan 4 2005 fcsm.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 182 Jan 4 2005 fcp.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 178 Jan 21 2005 bl.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 164 Jan 21 2005 consms.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 129 Jan 21 2005 cn.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 184 Jan 21 2005 cpuid.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 190 Jan 21 2005 systrace.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 195 Jan 21 2005 lockstat.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 139 Jan 21 2005 conskbd.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 188 Jan 21 2005 profile.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 131 Jan 21 2005 ip6.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 135 Jan 21 2005 icmp6.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 135 Jan 21 2005 clone.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 135 Jan 21 2005 iwscn.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 544 Jan 21 2005 kmdb.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 180 Jan 21 2005 sdt.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 537 Jan 21 2005 pseudo.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 180 Jan 21 2005 fbt.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 193 Jan 21 2005 cryptoadm.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 162 Jan 21 2005 lofi.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 162 Jan 21 2005 poll.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 129 Jan 21 2005 mm.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 752 Jan 21 2005 fasttrap.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 131 Jan 21 2005 ptc.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 133 Jan 21 2005 ptsl.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 200 Jan 21 2005 ramdisk.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 164 Jan 21 2005 devinfo.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 129 Jan 21 2005 sy.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 121 Jan 21 2005 llc1.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 131 Jan 21 2005 sad.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 165 Jan 21 2005 keysock.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 159 Jan 21 2005 random.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 167 Jan 21 2005 ipsecesp.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 159 Jan 21 2005 rts.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 131 Jan 21 2005 tcp.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 133 Jan 21 2005 tcp6.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 199 Jan 21 2005 sysevent.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 159 Jan 21 2005 sysmsg.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 131 Jan 21 2005 arp.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 133 Jan 21 2005 udp6.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 129 Jan 21 2005 wc.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 190 Jan 21 2005 sctp6.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 188 Jan 21 2005 sctp.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 240 Jan 21 2005 ippctl.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 1810 Jan 21 2005 bofi.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 182 Jan 21 2005 vni.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 133 Jan 21 2005 icmp.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 165 Jan 21 2005 ipsecah.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 159 Jan 21 2005 spdsock.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 883 Jan 21 2005 options.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 1610 Jan 21 2005 audiocs.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 141 Jan 21 2005 openeepr.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 1446 Jan 21 2005 audioens.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 186 Jan 21 2005 crypto.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 1628 Jan 21 2005 audiots.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 130 Jan 21 2005 tl.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 129 Jan 21 2005 ip.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 194 Jan 21 2005 rpcib.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 131 Jan 21 2005 udp.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 185 Jan 21 2005 uhci.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 375 Jan 21 2005 dad.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 153 Jan 21 2005 nca.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 2336 Jan 21 2005 ecpp.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 878 Jan 21 2005 usb_ac.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 186 Jan 21 2005 dtrace.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 185 Jan 21 2005 ohci.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 305 Jan 21 2005 md.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 242 Jan 21 2005 tavor.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 193 Jan 21 2005 daplt.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 171 May 18 2006 zfs.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 182 Dec 21 2006 aggr.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 202 Dec 21 2006 kssl.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 1740 Dec 21 2006 audio1575.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 904 Dec 21 2006 ses.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 460 Dec 21 2006 ehci.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 2775 Jan 16 2007 fp.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 172 Jun 20 2007 dca.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 182 Jun 20 2007 rds.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 188 Aug 8 2007 physmem.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 615 Dec 7 2007 iscsi.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 8632 Dec 20 2007 qlc.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 8358 Jan 16 2008 emlxs.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 381 Feb 14 2008 dld.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 951 Feb 28 2008 uata.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 3260 Feb 28 2008 st.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 2914 Feb 28 2008 sgen.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 1155 Feb 28 2008 sd.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 950 Feb 28 2008 scsi_vhci.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 131 Feb 28 2008 log.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 1867 Feb 28 2008 ib.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 3410 Feb 28 2008 e1000g.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 1021 Feb 28 2008 mpt.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 248 Feb 28 2008 ssd.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 5741 Feb 28 2008 scsa2usb.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 4436 Feb 29 16:31 igb.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 184 Feb 29 16:33 sdp.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 195 Feb 29 16:39 sdpib.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 2537 Mar 11 21:18 rdsib.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 214 Mar 11 21:18 px_pci.conf
-rw-r–r– 1 root sys 215 Mar 11 21:18 pxb_plx.conf
drwxr-xr-x 2 root sys 2048 Aug 22 13:06 sparcv9

SSH

/etc/ssh/sshd_config

If you’re running Sun’s bundled SSH then ensure these options are available in the configuration file of the sshd daemon:

AllowTcpForwarding yes
GatewayPorts yes
X11Forwarding yes
X11DisplayOffset 10
PAMAuthenticationViaKBDInt yes
PasswordAuthentication yes

In computing, an inode is a data structure on a traditional Unix-style file system such as UFS.

An inode stores basic information about a regular file, directory, or other file system object.

The term inode usually refers to inodes on block devices that manage regular files, directories, and possibly symbolic links. The concept is particularly important to the recovery of damaged file systems.

* The inode number indexes a table of inodes in a known location on the device; from the inode number, the kernel can access the contents of the inode, including the data pointers, and so the contents of the file.
* A file’s inode number can be found using the ls -i command, while the ls -l command will retrieve inode information.
* Non-traditional Unix-style filesystems such as ReiserFS may avoid having a table of inodes, but must store equivalent data in order to provide equivalent function. The data may be called stat data, in reference to the stat system call that provides the data to programs.

File names and directory implications

* Inodes do not contain filenames, only file contents.
* Unix directories are lists of “link” structures, each of which contains one filename and one inode number.
* The kernel must search a directory looking for a particular filename and then convert the filename to the correct corresponding inode number if the name is found.

The kernel’s in-memory representation of this data is called struct inode in Linux. Systems derived from BSD use the term vnode, with the v of vnode referring to the kernel’s virtual file system layer.

POSIX inode description

The POSIX standard mandates filesystem behavior that is strongly influenced by traditional UNIX filesystems. Regular files are required to have the following attributes:

* The length of the file in bytes.
* Device ID (this identifies the device containing the file).
* The User ID of the file’s owner.
* The Group ID of the file.
* The file mode, which determines what users can read, write, and execute the file.
* Timestamps telling when the inode itself was last changed (ctime, change time), the file content last modified (mtime, modification time), and last accessed (atime, access time).
* A reference count telling how many hard links point to the inode.
* Pointers to the disk blocks that store the file’s contents (see inode pointer structure).

The stat system call retrieves a file’s inode number and some of the information in the inode.

More…

### SMYLINKS / SOFT ###
Note: Symlinks may traverse file systems & point to directories
Softlinks

ln -s source(file/directory) target (any directory)


Note: use ls -Ll symlink_name to reveal symlink’s TRUE permissions
Note: symlinks are created with 777 permissions

The target exits or you dont have permissions use:
ln -fs /curl* curl

### HARDLINKS ###
ln without s option

ln source target

Note: Source & Target (destination) MUST reside within the same file system

Each file systems allocates a set number of INODES with likely overlap in Inode numbers across file systems

/ - 10 GB - 10,000 Inodes
/var - 20 -GB -

For first 10GB of 20GB - 10,000 Inodes 1 -10,000
For second 10GB of 20GB - 1,000 Inodes 10,001 - 20,000

ls -il - reveals file inodes


ls -i
total 7163
292292 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 512 Aug 8 09:01 Desktop
292279 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 512 Aug 8 09:01 Documents
1519 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Aug 8 02:09 bin -> ./usr/bin
2803 drwxr-xr-x 6 root sys 512 Aug 8 04:20 boot
44822 -rw——- 1 root root 3331728 Aug 21 15:06 core

Note: Hard Links must reside within the same file system

Next… DEVICES & DRIVERS…

chgrp - change file group ownership

# which /usr/bin/chgrp
/usr/bin/chgrp

### SETUID / SETGID ### - Sets the effective user/group ID ###

chmod 644 filename
chmod 0644 filename

SETUID - 4
SETGID - 2

chmod 4660 filename.txt

-rwSrw—- filename.txt ( note the S )

### Security Breach Warning ### SETUID run as the owner of the file

Note: SETGID applied to directories, forces assignment of GID

chmod 4644 filename
chmod 2644 filename

Collaborative

SETUID/SETGID

next symbolic links

Permissions hard_links owner group_owner size Month day MTime name
-r-xr-xr-x 1 root bin 10196 Jan 22 2005 time

Permissions - represented by 10 bits:

0 bit = file type ( - file, d directory, b block, l symbolic link, p named pipe, s socket )

Note: remaining 9 bits are grouped into 3 groups

123 bits = r-x (entry’s owner)

456 bits = r-x ( group owner )

789 bits = r-x ( everyone )

r = read
w = write
x = execute

Unix uses octal value to represent permissions for ( rwx )

r = read = 4
w = write = 2
x = execute = 1
- = no access = 0
Total = 7

Note: 7 is max octal permission assignible to user/group/other

d rwx r-x r-x 24 root sys 1536 Aug 21 15:25 platform

rwx ( owner: root ) = 4+2+1=7
r-x ( group: sys ) = 4+0+1=5
r-x ( other ) = 4+0+1=5

/platform directory = 755 octal permissions or rwx r-x r-x

### UMASK ###

umask - get or set the file mode creation mask

umask Default for root = 0022

0777 - 022 = 644

### chmod ####
Note: chmod permits alteration of permissions on files / directories

chmod octal_value object_name ( file/directory )

u = Owner of file
g = Group
o = other
a = ALL

Add Permisions
chmod a+rw = chmod 666

Substract
chmod a-w = chmod 444 file name

chmod -R perms object_name

chmod -R u=rwx,g=rx,o=rx = chmod -R 755

> Hi,

> How can I monitor a number of file descriptors opened by a particular
> process on Solaris8 ?

> Thanks,
> Alona

download lsof from http://www.sunfreeware.com/, then run “lsof -p
pid”.

Victor

Responder al autor Reenviar

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roger.faulk…@sun.com
Ver perfil
Más opciones 1 mayo 2007, 00:00
Grupos de noticias: comp.unix.solaris
De: roger.faulk…@sun.com
Fecha: 30 Apr 2007 22:00:50 -0700
Local: Mart 1 mayo 2007 00:00
Asunto: Re: how to monitor open file descriptors on Solaris8
Responder al autor | Reenviar | Imprimir | Mensaje individual | Mostrar mensaje original | Informar de este mensaje | Buscar mensajes de este autor
On Apr 30, 3:45 pm, Alona wrote:

> Hi,

> How can I monitor a number of file descriptors opened by a particular
> process on Solaris8 ?

> Thanks,
> Alona

Use the pfiles command.
Check the pfiles(1) man page.

Roger Faulkner

Sun Update Manager . updatemanager GUI version of smpatch
smpatch - CLI of updatemanager - analizyse / download /add

The following components requiere service plan:

Sun Update Web Application - Web Portal hosted by sun.com
faciliates the management of patches for 1 or more systems

Sun Update Connection Proxy - Creates a local patch server

patchadd/patchrm - CLI based tools - non Sun Update Connection tools

download patch manually from sunsolve.sun.com and apply

3. Solaris Management Console SMC

##### SOLARIS PATCH MANAGEMENT VIA CLI — using smpatch ####

1. smpatch analyse - determines required patches
2. smpatch update - apply ALL updates based on analysis
3. smpatch analyse -x idlist=patch_list.txt
4. smpatch analyse -i patch_id -i patch_id2
5. smpatch download -i 121309-03
6. smpatch download -x idlist=patch_list.txt
7. smpatch add -i 121309-03

POOL PATCHES
/var/sadm/spool

#### Patchadd ###
Permits adding/removing/listing signed/unsigned patches

Note: in order to apply signed patches, use keytool to export and the import into patchadd

Syntax: patchadd directory_to_patch