Zivo NiX BLog

You maybe know that xterm-color (the bare default xterm with color) does not exists on Solaris.

Cool Stack Installation on Solaris 10

You must be ‘root’ to install the packages. Download the packages you are interested in into any directory. For each of the downloaded packages, run the following bunzip2 and pkgadd commands:
bunzip2 [package.pkg.bz2]
For example: bunzip2 CSKmysql_1.3RC1_sparc.pkg.bz2
pkgadd -d [package.pkg]
For example: pkgadd -d CSKmysql_1.3RC1_sparc.pkg
This process will install the package in /opt/coolstack, along with all dependent libraries.
After installation, please refer to the README file included in each of the application’s directories. The README includes detailed information on the following:
how the application was built
Solaris-specific configuration and tuning notes.
Pointers to other relevant documentation.
Instructions for setting up SMF service (if applicable).

Hello,
If your network card is supported in Solaris, you can reset the configuration of solaris logging as a root and typing sys-unconfig. System will reboot and ask you some questions, the first will be: networked? if you answer yes, the card will be on.
With this command you have to specify net card, video driver, etc..

http://cooltools.sunsource.net/coolstack/

1) bash-3.00#pkgadd -d CSKruntime

2) bash-3.00#pkgadd -d CSKamp_1.2_x86.pkg

#### Solaris Zones #####

Features:
1. Virtualization
2. Solaris Zones can host only instances of Solaris. Not other OSs.
3. Limit of 8192 zones per Solaris hosts.
4. Primary zone (global) has access to All zones
5. Non-global zones, do NOT have access to other non-global zones.
6. Default non-global zones derive packages from global zones.
7. Program isolation – zone 1 ( Apache ), zone 2 ( MySQL ), zone 3 ( DNS )
8. Provides ‘z’ commands to manage zones: zlogin, zonename, zoneadm, zonecfg

bash-3.00# which zonename
/usr/bin/zonename

bash-3.00# zonename
global

#### Features of GLOBAL zone #####
1. Solaris ALWAYS boots (cold/warm) to the global zone
2. Knows about ALL hardware devices attached to the system
3. Knows about ALL non-global zones

#### Features of NON-GLOBAL zones #####
1. Installed at a location on the filesystem of the Global Zone ‘zone root path’ /export/home/zones/{zone1, zone2,zone3…}
2. Share packages with GLOBAL zone
3. Manage distinct hostname and tables files
4. Cannot communicate with other non-global zones by default. NIC must be used, which means, use standard network API ( TCP )
5. GLOBAL zone admin. can delegate non-global zone administration

#####Zone Configuration##############
Use: zonecfg – to configure zones
Note: zonecfg can be run: interactive, non-interactively, command-file modes.

Requirements for non.global zones:
1. hostname
2. zone root path. i.e. /export/home/zones/testzone1
3. IP address – bound to logical or physical interface
( 100 MB minimum configuration )

Zone types:
1. Sparse Root Zones – share key files with global zone
2. Whole Root Zones ( Totally independed, require more storage)

Steps for configuring non-global zone:

1. mkdir

bash-3.00# mkdir /export/home/zones
bash-3.00# mkdir /export/home/zones/testzone1 && chmod 700 /export/home/zones/testzone1

2. zonecfg -z  testzone1
3. create
4. set zonepath=/export/home/zones/testzone1 – sets roots zone
5. add net 
6. set address=192.168.1.60 
7. set physical=pcn0  
8. end
9. (optional) set autoboot=true – testzone1 will be started when the system boots
10. (optional ) add attr ; set name=comment; set type=string; set value=”TestZone1”
11. verify – verifies zone for erros.
12. commit – commit changes
13. Zone installation – zoneadm -z testzone1 install
‘testzone1’ into ‘installed’ state NOT ready for production.
14. zoneadm -z testzone1 boot – boot zone

bash-3.00# zonecfg -z  testzone1
testzone1: No such zone configured
Use ‘create’ to begin configuring a new zone.
zonecfg:testzone1>
zonecfg:testzone1> create
zonecfg:testzone1> set zonepath=/export/home/zones/testzone1
zonecfg:testzone1> set address=192.168.1.60
zonecfg:testzone1> add net
zonecfg:testzone1:net> set address=192.168.1.60
zonecfg:testzone1:net> set physical=pcn0
zonecfg:testzone1:net> end
zonecfg:testzone1> info
zonename: testzone1
zonepath: /export/home/zones/testzone1
brand: native
autoboot: false
bootargs:
pool:
limitpriv:
scheduling-class:
ip-type: shared
inherit-pkg-dir:
        dir: /lib
inherit-pkg-dir:
        dir: /platform
inherit-pkg-dir:
        dir: /sbin
inherit-pkg-dir:
        dir: /usr
net:
        address: 192.168.1.60
        physical: pcn0
zonecfg:testzone1> set autoboot=true
zonecfg:testzone1>

 zonecfg:testzone1> add attr
zonecfg:testzone1:attr> set name=comment
zonecfg:testzone1:attr> set type=string
zonecfg:testzone1:attr> set value=”TestZone1″
zonecfg:testzone1:attr> end
zonecfg:testzone1> info
zonename: testzone1
zonepath: /export/home/zones/testzone1
brand: native
autoboot: true
bootargs:
pool:
limitpriv:
scheduling-class:
ip-type: shared
inherit-pkg-dir:
        dir: /lib
inherit-pkg-dir:
        dir: /platform
inherit-pkg-dir:
        dir: /sbin
inherit-pkg-dir:
        dir: /usr
net:
        address: 192.168.1.60
        physical: pcn0
attr:
        name: comment
        type: string
        value: TestZone1
zonecfg:testzone1> end
The end command only makes sense in the resource scope.
zonecfg:testzone1> verify
zonecfg:testzone1>

 bash-3.00# zoneadm list -iv
  ID NAME             STATUS     PATH                           BRAND    IP   
   0 global           running    /                              native   shared

bash-3.00# zonecfg -z testzone1 info
zonename: testzone1
zonepath: /export/home/zones/testzone1
brand: native
autoboot: true
bootargs:
pool:
limitpriv:
scheduling-class:
ip-type: shared
inherit-pkg-dir:
        dir: /lib
inherit-pkg-dir:
        dir: /platform
inherit-pkg-dir:
        dir: /sbin
inherit-pkg-dir:
        dir: /usr
net:
        address: 192.168.1.60
        physical: pcn0
attr:
        name: comment
        type: string
        value: TestZone1

bash-3.00# zoneadm -z testzone1 install
Preparing to install zone <testzone1>.
Creating list of files to copy from the global zone.
Copying <7644> files to the zone.
Initializing zone product registry.
Determining zone package initialization order.
Preparing to initialize <1045> packages on the zone.
Initialized <1045> packages on zone.                                
Zone <testzone1> is initialized.
The file </export/home/zones/testzone1/root/var/sadm/system/logs/install_log> contains a log of the zone installation.

bash-3.00# zoneadm list -iv
  ID NAME             STATUS     PATH                               BRAND    IP   
   0 global           running    /                                         native   shared
 - testzone1        installed  /export/home/zones/testzone1   native   shared

bash-3.00# zoneadm -z testzone1 boot
zoneadm: zone ‘testzone1′: WARNING: pcn0:1: no matching subnet found in netmasks(4) for 192.168.1.60; using default of 255.255.255.0.
bash-3.00# echo $?
0

bash-3.00# zfs create poolraidz1/home

bash-3.00# zfs list
NAME              USED  AVAIL  REFER  MOUNTPOINT
poolraidz1        121K  9.78G  24.5K  /poolraidz1
poolraidz1/home  24.5K  9.78G  24.5K  /poolraidz1/home

Quota:
bash-3.00# zfs set quota=4G poolraidz1/home

bash-3.00# zfs list
NAME              USED  AVAIL  REFER  MOUNTPOINT
poolraidz1        122K  9.78G  25.5K  /poolraidz1
poolraidz1/home  24.5K  4.00G  24.5K  /poolraidz1/home

############ ZFS Snapshots #################

Features:
1. Read-only copies of volumes or file systems
2. Use no additional space, initially

####Return available snapshot
bash-3.00# zfs list -t snapshot
no datasets available

###Create spanpshot##########
bash-3.00# zfs snapshot poolraidz1/home@homespan1
bash-3.00# echo $?
0

bash-3.00# zfs list -t snapshot
NAME                        USED  AVAIL  REFER  MOUNTPOINT
poolraidz1/home@homespan1      0      -  24.5K  -

hidden directory spanshots
/poolraidz1/home/.zfs/snapshot/homespan1

test snapshots
bash-3.00# cd /poolraidz1/home/
bash-3.00# echo “testint spanshot 3″ > test.txt
bash-3.00# zfs snapshot poolraidz1/home@homespan3

#### Destroy Snapshots ###############
bash-3.00# zfs destroy poolraidz1/home@homesnap1

#### Rename Snapshots ###############
bash-3.00# zfs rename poolraidz1/home@homespan2 poolraidz1/home@homespandos
bash-3.00# zfs list -t snapshot
NAME                          USED  AVAIL  REFER  MOUNTPOINT
poolraidz1/home@homespandos  22.5K      -  24.5K  -
poolraidz1/home@homespan3      23K      -    25K  -

####   Roll backs   #########################
bash-3.00#zfs rollback -f poolraidz1/home@homesnap3
bash-3.00#echo $?

####   CLONES ###################
( First create a snapshot and then a clone)

Features:
1. Writable file systems or volumes
2. Linked to a snapshot
3. Clone can be stored anywhere in ZFS hierarchy

bash-3.00# zfs clone poolraidz1/home@homesnap3 poolraidz1/homeclone1   
bash-3.00# echo $?
0

the clone inherited attributes of the target file system
snapshots do not inherited attributes

1. Mirroring – RAID – 1
2. RAID - 5 – RAID -Z

bash-3.00# format
Searching for disks…done

AVAILABLE DISK SELECTIONS:
       0. c0d0 <DEFAULT cyl 2607 alt 2 hd 255 sec 63>
          /pci@0,0/pci-ide@7,1/ide@0/cmdk@0,0
       1. c0d1 <DEFAULT cyl 1303 alt 2 hd 255 sec 63>
          /pci@0,0/pci-ide@7,1/ide@0/cmdk@1,0
       2. c1d1 <DEFAULT cyl 1303 alt 2 hd 255 sec 63>
          /pci@0,0/pci-ide@7,1/ide@1/cmdk@1,0

Virtual Devices:
1. c0d1 – 10.0G
2. c1d1 – 10.0G

Note: Redundacy/Replication is associated directly with the pool

Tip: For PRODUCTION enviroments ideally you should implement your mirror, raid z, straight volumnes dedicating THE ENTIRE DISK to zfs (the disks should be the same )

 ******************** MIRROR **********************

bash-3.00# zpool create poolmirror1 mirror c0d1 c1d1
bash-3.00# echo $?
0

bash-3.00# zfs list
NAME          USED  AVAIL  REFER  MOUNTPOINT
poolmirror1    86K  9.78G  24.5K  /poolmirror1

bash-3.00# ls -ltr /poolmirror1/
total 0

### CREATE Dir HOME ######

bash-3.00# zfs create poolmirror1/home
 
ash-3.00# zfs list
NAME               USED  AVAIL  REFER  MOUNTPOINT
poolmirror1        114K  9.78G  25.5K  /poolmirror1
poolmirror1/home  24.5K  9.78G  24.5K  /poolmirror1/home

 ******************** raid-z **********************

# Create the pool
bash-3.00#/usr/sbin/zpool create -f poolraidz1 raidz c0d1 c1d1

bash-3.00# ls -ltr /usr/sbin/smcwebserver
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root          43 Mar 17 12:11 /usr/sbin/smcwebserver -> ../../usr/share/webconsole/bin/smcwebserver

bash-3.00# netstat -anP tcp | grep 6789
      *.6789               *.*                0      0 49152      0 LISTEN
111.222.233.44.6789  111.222.104.222.3338 65498      0 49368      0 FIN_WAIT_2
111.222.233.44.6789  111.222.104.222.3339 65498      0 49368      0 FIN_WAIT_2

Mozilla
https://localhost:6789/zfs

Features:

1. 256 quadrillion zettabytes ( Terabytes, Petabytes, Exabytes, Zettabytes (1024 Exabytes))
2. RAID-0/1 & RAID-Z ( RAID-5 with enhancements ) ( 2 – required virtual devices )
3. Snapshots - read-only copies of file systems or volumes
4. Create volumes
5. Uses storage pools to manage storage – aggregates virtual devices
6. File systems attached to pools grow dinamically as storage is added
7. File systems may span multiple physical disk
8. ZFS is transactional (Similar to databases. Example: Writing 100 mb, but only 80mb is commited in a traditional file system, leaving 20 mb unwriting, and the data is corrupted, and in ZFS all is written or NONE.
9. Pools & file systems are auto-mounted. No need to maintain /etc/vfstab
10. Supports file system hierarchies: /pool1/{home(5GB),var(10GB), etc.}
11. Supports reservation of storage: /pool1(36GB)/{home(10GB),var(36–10GB)}
12. Provides a secure web-based management tool

*********** ZFS – CLI **************
# which zpool
/usr/sbin/zpool

zpool list – list known pools
zpool create pool_name(alphanumeric, _,-,:,.)

Pool Name Constraints
1. mirror
2. raidz

—— Pause: note to vmware —————————————————————-

  Add a second disk to the image in vmware

In order to add second hard disk with Fusion.

• solaris must be halted.
• VM must be shut down.
• Click the + sign, add disk and enter a size.
• devfsadm  (almost typed reboot — -r but that would be “old think” so that format sees the new device.)

format
Searching for disks…done

AVAILABLE DISK SELECTIONS:
       0. c1t0d0 <DEFAULT cyl 1302 alt 2 hd 255 sec 63>
          /pci@0,0/pci1000,30@10/sd@0,0
       1. c1t1d0 <DEFAULT cyl 2557 alt 2 hd 128 sec 32>
          /pci@0,0/pci1000,30@10/sd@1,0
———————————————————————————————————-

Continue….

zpool create pool_name device_name1, device_name2, device_name3, etc.

bash-3.00# devfsadm
bash-3.00# format
Searching for disks…done

AVAILABLE DISK SELECTIONS:
       0. c0d0 <DEFAULT cyl 2607 alt 2 hd 255 sec 63>
          /pci@0,0/pci-ide@7,1/ide@0/cmdk@0,0
       1. c0d1 <DEFAULT cyl 1303 alt 2 hd 255 sec 63>
          /pci@0,0/pci-ide@7,1/ide@0/cmdk@1,0
Specify disk (enter its number): ^Z

[1]+  Stopped                 format
bash-3.00# zpool create pool1 c0d1
bash-3.00# echo $?
0

mount
/pool1 on pool1 read/write/setuid/devices/exec/xattr/atime/dev=2d50002 on Tue Mar 18 09:24:51 2008–

bash-3.00# zpool list
NAME                    SIZE    USED   AVAIL    CAP  HEALTH     ALTROOT
pool1                  9.94G     88K   9.94G     0%  ONLINE     -

ZFS Pool Statuses
1. ONLINE
2. DEGRADED (part of the mirror is broken or entire disk is fail, but still available)
3. FAULTED
4. OFFLINE
5. UNAVAILABLE

(Pools or datasets)

—————————-
zfs list – returns ZFS dataset info

bash-3.00# zfs list
NAME    USED  AVAIL  REFER  MOUNTPOINT
pool1  85.5K  9.78G    25K  /pool1

zfs mount – returns pools and mount points
bash-3.00# zfs mount
pool1                           /pool1

zpool status – returns virtual devices that constitute pools
bash-3.00#zpool status
  pool: pool1
 state: ONLINE
 scrub: none requested
config:

        NAME        STATE     READ WRITE CKSUM
        pool1       ONLINE       0     0     0
          c0d1      ONLINE       0     0     0

errors: No known data errors

bash-3.00#zpool status -v pool1

Note: ZFS requieres a minimum of 128MB virtual device to create a pool

(Recommendation render all the disks over zfs minus /  )
var home should be separate disks for performance

——————-DESTROY ————————————————
zpool destroy pool1 – Destroys pool and associated file system

bash-3.00# zfs list
NAME         USED  AVAIL  REFER  MOUNTPOINT
pool1        114K  9.78G  25.5K  /pool1
pool1/home  24.5K  9.78G  24.5K  /pool1/home

Note: Default action of  ‘zfs create pool1/home’ assigns all storage available to ‘pool1’, to ‘pool1/home’

zfs create pool1/home/zivo

bash-3.00# zfs get -r quota pool1
NAME                    PROPERTY  VALUE               SOURCE
pool1                     quota       none                 default
pool1/home             quota       5G                    local
pool1/home/pedrito   quota       none                default
pool1/home/zivo       quota       none                default

zfs get -r compression pool1
NAME                PROPERTY     VALUE               SOURCE
pool1               compression  off                 default
pool1/home          compression  off                 default
pool1/home/pedrito  compression  off                 default
pool1/home/zivo     compression  off                 default

############ Extending dynamically, pool storage ######################
AVAILABLE DISK SELECTIONS:
       0. c0d0 <DEFAULT cyl 2607 alt 2 hd 255 sec 63>
          /pci@0,0/pci-ide@7,1/ide@0/cmdk@0,0
       1. c0d1 <VMware V-0000000000000000-0001-10.00GB>
          /pci@0,0/pci-ide@7,1/ide@0/cmdk@1,0
       2. c1d1 <DEFAULT cyl 4093 alt 2 hd 128 sec 32>
          /pci@0,0/pci-ide@7,1/ide@1/cmdk@1,0

bash-3.00# zpool add pool1 c1d1
bash-3.00# zfs list
NAME                     USED  AVAIL  REFER  MOUNTPOINT
pool1                    210K  17.6G  25.5K  /pool1
pool1/home              76.5K  5.00G  27.5K  /pool1/home
pool1/home/pedrito      24.5K  5.00G  24.5K  /pool1/home/pedrito
pool1/home/zivokickass  24.5K  5.00G  24.5K  /pool1/home/zivokickass

bash-3.00# zpool status
  pool: pool1
 state: ONLINE
 scrub: none requested
config:

        NAME        STATE     READ WRITE CKSUM
        pool1       ONLINE       0     0     0
          c0d1      ONLINE       0     0     0
          c1d1      ONLINE       0     0     0

errors: No known data errors

cat /var/svc/log/network-ssh\:default.log

Could not load host key: /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
Could not load host key: /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key

cd /etc/sshssh-keygen -d -f ssh_host_dsa_key -N “”ssh-keygen -b 1024 -f ssh_host_rsa_key -t rsa -N “”